Historical development of judo

This is an Accepted Manuscript of a book chapter published by Routledge in The Science of Judo on 14 June 2018, available online: https://www.routledge.com/The-Science-of-Judo/Callan/p/book/9780815349136Judo has its roots in the pre-history and mythology of Japan. Legend has it that the origin of the Imperial line is the result of a hand-to-hand wrestling match between two gods, when Takemikazuchi threw Takenimakata (Ashkenazi, 2008), whilst Nomi no Sukune is regarded as the creator of the earliest form of sumo, following a famous match in 23 bc at the request of Emperor Suinin (Guttmann & Thompson, 2001) and Mifune refers to him as the very founder of judo (Mifune, 1956). Early sumo was known as sumai (to struggle). Sumai, applied to combat, became known as kumiuchi (grappling in armour) (Levinson & Christensen, 1996). Kumiuchi is still seen today within Koshiki no Kata, which is required to be demonstrated for a Kōdōkan promotion to 8th Dan. Through the Muromachi and Sengoku periods of Japanese history (1333-1568) combat systems involving archery, swordsmanship and spearmanship were developed as the various clans battled with each other (Nippon-Budōkan, 2009). The feudal warrior class, samurai or bushi, trained in several martial arts, the collective term for these was bugei. The samurai or bushi culture and lifestyle was known as bushido. However the introduction of the musket gun in 1543 changed warfare and led to armour becoming lighter. This meant that there were greater possibilities for movement in combat once the warrior was unarmed (Hoare, 2009).Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

Poverty, Population, Development in Historical Perspective

SUMMARY The object of the paper is to place the present issues of world poverty, development, demographic change into proper historical perspective, considering the specificities of present times concerning economic and demographic developments, as well as the international relations associated with them. Some speculations concerning possible long run developments conclude the pape RIASSUNTO Scopo dell' articolo è di porre in adeguata prospettiva storica le questioni globali relative a povertà, sviluppo e crescita demografica, considerando le specifiche circostanze del tempo presente concernenti gli sviluppi economici e demografici, così come le relazioni internazionali a questi associati. Alcune considerazioni sui possibili sviluppi futuri di lungo periodo concludono il lavoro

Historical development of the windmill

Throughout history, windmill technology represented the highest levels of development in those technical fields now referred to as mechanical engineering, civil engineering, and aerodynamics. Key stages are described in the technical development of windmills as prime movers; from antiquity to construction of the well known Smith-Putnam wind turbine generator of the 1940's, which laid the foundation for modern wind turbines. Subjects covered are windmills in ancient times; the vertical axis Persian windmill; the horizontal axis European windmill (including both post mills and tower mills); technology improvements in sails, controls, and analysis; the American farm windmill; the transition from windmills to wind turbines for generating electricity at the end of the 19th century; and wind turbine development in the first half of the 20th century

The development of ASEAN from historical approach

Since ASEAN was established in 8 August 1967, ASEAN organization was only joined by five countries.Now ASEAN has become a successful regional organization in bringing the attention of the other countries in rest of the world. Generally, ASEAN has successfully nurtures the cooperation in political, economical, social and cultural with establishment in exercise and research facilities for shared interest.Nowadays, ASEAN roles and influence has strong base in Southeast Asia and South Asia regions.ASEAN has taken place as important body in Asia Pacific political stream through Asian Regional Forum (ARF), where it is successful to create attention of various countries not only in Asia region but also United States of America and Europe involvement.Nevertheless, beside the successful story and prosperity achieved by ASEAN at this moment it has uniqueness when it has to face challenges at the early stage of ASEAN establishment. This journal will touch on history and ASEAN life story and explain What and How ASEAN able to strengthen its role and existence at the time Southeast Asia countries need an organization with the ability to unite all the countries in Southeast Asia region

European patterns of development in historical perspective

Europe provides a suitable scenario for testing empirical regularities of growth since, to a large extent, its countries share institutions, policies, and resource endowments. Patterns of development, which associate structural change with variations in GDP per head and population, are constructed for modern Europe (1850-1990) along the lines of Chenery and Syrquin's pathbreaking work. Thus, it is possible to discern whether a common set of development processes is observable for the whole continent and whether countries that had a late start exhibited, as suggested by Gerschenkron, a differential behaviour in terms of accumulation, resource allocation, and demographic transition. The results tend to confirm the different nature of latecomers' development.Publicad

Historical development of noise exposure metrics

Some of the historical events that led to the introduction of night penalties are reported with emphasis on what happens with different kinds of day/night operations when night pentalties are employed. These effects are considered in terms of the difference between a nighttime weighting cumulative measure of noise exposure verses simply not using any night weighting at all, in decibles

Historical development of worldwide supersonic aircraft

Some major milestones in the progression of airplane speeds from subsonic to supersonic are traced. Historical background is included on work done prior to the Twentieth Century, but the major emphasis is on the Twentieth Century developments after the man carrying airplane became a practical reality. The techniques of increasing airplane speed revolve around means of increasing the propulsive force and means of reducing the airframe resistance (drag). With the changes in speed, the attendant changes in flow patterns due to the compressibility of air introduce some aerodynamic problems. In addition, geometric changes introduced to combat the effects of compressibility also promote aerodynamic problems. Some of the solutions to these problems are illustrated, and many design features that evolved are discussed

The Development of Historical Instruction/Teaching Material in Senior High Schools Based on Local History with SOI Approach

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this research is to develop more comprehensive model of historical instructional materials that is a model of local history-based teaching materials and oriented to local historical events. The method used in the development of historical instructional materials is Research and Development (R & D) approach. This research is to formulate a development model of teaching materials on Indonesian history with local history. So the appropriate method in this research is the R & D method/approach.The development of historical materials based on local history will give students an understanding of the historical values that occur in their environment so that the understanding level of historical values will more achieve the target in the historical learning objectives. Method: The method used in the development of historical instructional materials is Research and Development (R & D) approach. This research is to formulate a development model of teaching materials on Indonesian history with local history. So the appropriate method in this research is the R & D method/approach. Findings: The developed product is teaching materials about Indonesian history arranged on the concept of SOI (Selecting, Organizing, and Integrating.). The development of historical teaching materials with SOI begins with the gathering of local historical sources which are relevant to the national curriculum on the history subjects. The selection result based on the observations of historical objects and oral sources is combined with existing knowledge of history and sorted which is included in national curriculum. After the materials are selected/sorted then the next stage is to organize them which are suitable with material orders (basic competence) on nasional curriculum. The last stage before organizing the teaching materials is to combine the local history with national curriculum of history subjects into the historical teaching materials. The product of teaching materials is able to accommodate the materials of local history relating to the basic competence in the national curriculum